Franz Von Stuck used photographs at, and beyond the turn of the 20th century.
But, unlike others who had been using photography since the middle of the 19th century as an absolute reference to 'increase productivity', he would work on the overall structure of his work and then use photography to create 'set pieces' that would be incorporated into the finished work.

Two facts support my overall point here. Firstly that his photographic images were often used for more than just 'reference', the above photograph overlays the finished painting exactly. Secondly, the use of photography was, without doubt frowned upon by the art world then as much as it is misunderstood today, and it wasn't until 1968 that 110 photographic enlargements were found hidden within Von Stuck's estate.

Until then, it was not common knowledge that he had ever used photography at all.